Mean it when you say it!

Imagine with me here. The setting is a sunny Saturday afternoon in June. You’re looking forward to quiet time…alone…near the pool with a book, because seven-year-old Junior has a playdate (woohoo!). You hop in the car, drive him happily to his friend’s house, give hugs goodbye, leaving as you say “…and Junior, behave yourself!” Then, you drive on home.

A few hours later, playdate complete, you go back to pick him up. You arrive at the front door to chat with the parents for a minute before taking Junior and heading home… and, in no uncertain terms, they burst your happy, relaxed bubble and tell you that Junior did not, in fact, behave himself.

At all, actually.

Just so you know, they almost called you twice.

You get a few details of the events of the afternoon, collect Junior, and march him to the car, gritting teeth, steaming and thinking, “I swear I’m not going to let him play XBox again for the whole week. I told him to behave himself! All I wanted to do was relax!” When you get home, he goes to his room for a timeout until later when his dad gets home and a good punishment can be discussed. <– caution!!! not usually a good plan….

All right, hang on. Wait.

Pause.

There’s a back story here that plays a part. Hear me out before you do anything like that. We know that when we tell someone something, it doesn’t guarantee that they will do it. We are just telling them what we want them to do. We are hoping they will do what we have asked. If it’s a kid, adults usually expect them to do as they say, without question.

What comes into play with rules like “behave yourself” or “curfew is at 9” is everything that has happened before the rule is given. When little toddling Junior learned to walk down the stairs on his own, you taught him to hold onto the banister. In fact, you insisted he always put one hand on as he goes down, to be safe. Because you insisted, and when he forgot you reminded him consistently, always making sure your point was made (because you would freak out, haha), Junior held the banister on the way down from then on (until he was big enough for you to stop worrying as much about it, and it was no longer an issue!). You effectively taught him the rule: “We hold the banister with one hand when we walk down the stairs.” Junior learned this rule and followed it because you taught him what the rule meant through your actions and your consistent follow-through if he forgot.

A lot of the time, as parents, we forget to teach our kids what a rule means. Sometimes, we ourselves don’t even know what we really (truly) mean. What do we mean when we say, “It’s time to turn the tv off?” Do we mean right this minute? Do we mean in five minutes? Do we mean at some point in the next half hour, or whenever some other thing happens that signals it’s *really* time? Really, what that statement means is dependent on the individual person (or family).

What a rule’s meaning becomes is what you make it, based on your actions. If you tell Junior that it’s time to turn the tv off, and then you make sure he does so within a few seconds each time you give this rule, he learns that you mean right now. If you tell him it’s time to turn the tv off, and then you walk away, coming back a few minutes later to find he, in fact, did not turn the tv off, you remind him, and he then does it, he learns that when you say “it’s time to turn the tv off” you really mean in a while when I tell you again, it will be time to turn the tv off then.

In order for a kid to learn what a rule means, we need to make sure to explain the meaning behind it. And the child must be able to understand the rule. The developmental level of the child determines how concrete or abstract the rule should be. Without doing this, rules don’t work and we are just wasting our time.

Instead of getting mad and reacting with a time out (which probably will not help much), what I would recommend this mom does is clearly define what “behave yourself” means when she tells it to Junior as he is dropped off. Which behaviors are expected? Which behaviors are unacceptable at a friend’s house? What are the consistent consequences if the rules are broken? This really would be a whole conversation about what expectations the parents have for Junior’s behavior when he is at a friend’s house, including telling him, “When we say ‘behave yourself’ this is what we mean.” And then, ensure he understands through practice and consistent responses when there are mistakes.

So, in short, “mean it when you say it” — if you make a rule, make sure you really mean it. Otherwise don’t even say it.

“Is this the right intervention?” A parent’s guide to determining if an intervention is evidence-based

What is Science?

Science seeks proof.

Science puts to the test ideas (hypotheses) by defining them carefully and measuring them accurately and objectively.

Science uses controlled experiments and, later, verifies what is learned to ensure it is valid. (Green, 1999, p. 5-6).

Science uses peer review once research is complete: a process in which other scientists test and check the results of experiments (“Sense About Science: I Don’t Know What to Believe,” 2005).

What is the scientific method?

The scientific method is made up of the following steps:

1. Identify a problem.

2. Gather relevant data and information.

3. Decide on a hypothesis or question.

4. Test the hypothesis or question. (Mayer et al, p. 5)

After these steps are complete, the scientist would then publish the results, which would be peer reviewed. After that, the findings would be either supported or questioned.

The scientific method leads us to factual evidence. When a method has been scientifically tested and validated, we can rest assured that it is proven it will work.

What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) & why does everyone keep mentioning these things?

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the science of behavior. It is science with a focus on learning about what influences behavior. It is “an evidence-based method of examining and changing what people (and other living creatures) say and do” (Meyer et al, 2014, p. 4).

Behavior Analysts learn about what things, or variables, influence behavior in the real world.  They look at socially important issues and seek to describe them and address them (Meyer et al, p. 6).

But, Why ABA?

Because:

…ABA is the most extensively researched of all interventions for people with autism.

…Early intervention has been proven to increase a child’s IQ and living skills.

…ABA is proven to be effective in teaching specific skills. (“Recommendations of expert panels…”)

What makes up scientific evidence & support for intervention?

Evidence-based practice is when evaluation and treatment procedures are followed in deciding on an intervention. It uses the science behind a method and a disorder, a clinician’s expertise, and your preferences, as the family, for treatment.

If there is scientific evidence for an intervention, you know that that method has been studied carefully (Logemann).

Support for an intervention occurs when opinions, beliefs, or ideas are not just taken at face value, but instead, there are facts to rely on and data to support those facts. (Green, p. 5).

Deciding on a treatment for your child with autism is a very important decision!

Shermer (2002) states that there are many factors that influence our beliefs, and those factors don’t usually include science. For example, our backgrounds, personalities, family histories, levels of education, life experiences, and the overall society we live in affect our beliefs. As people, we tend to remember things that validate the beliefs we already have and discard things that do not support our beliefs, regardless of evidence. This is called confirmation bias.

It is easy to rely on how we feel about an intervention vs. the facts of the intervention.

Benefits of knowing that an intervention has scientific support:

When an intervention has scientific support, you know that it will:

1. Use your time and your child’s time wisely.
2. Use your money or that of your insurance company effectively.
3. Increase the chances of your child growing and succeeding.

Risks of using interventions without scientific support:

When an intervention does not have scientific support, it may:

1. Waste your time.
2. Waste your child’s time.
3. Waste money.
4. Cause emotional or physical harm.
5. Slow your child’s progress.
6. Cause additional problems that need to be solved.

Ensuring that an intervention is scientifically proven will help your child exponentially more than relying on something that is not!

Questions to ask when deciding on an intervention
Taken from Green (1999):

What is the intervention, precisely?


Exactly what is it supposed to do?


Have its effects been tested in controlled experiments using direct, objective measures?


Were those studies published in peer- reviewed scientific journals?


What did studies show about positive effects and negative side effects?


Did the effects carry over beyond the immediate treatment setting?


 Is there another scientifically validated treatment that is similarly effective but has fewer negative side effects?


Who will administer this treatment, and how can I be sure they are qualified to do so?


How will its effects on this individual be evaluated, and by whom?


What will happen if we do nothing?

For your reference & information:

Green, G., & Perry, L. (1999). Science, pseudoscience and antiscience. Science in Autism Treatment, 1(1), 5-6.

Logemann, J. What is evidence-based practice and why should we care? Science in Autism Treatment. Retrieved from https://www.asatonline.org/research-treatment/making-sense-of-autism-treatments-weighing-the-evidence/what-is-evidence-based-practice-and-why-should-we-care/

Mayer, G.R., Sulzer-Azaroff, B., & Wallace, M. (2014). Behavior Analysis for Lasting Change (3rd edition). Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY: Sloan.

Sense about Science (2005). I don’t know what to believe: Making sense of science stories. [Leaflet]. Retrieved from http://senseaboutscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IDontKnowWhatToBelieve.pdf

Shermer, M. (2002, September). Smart people believe weird things. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.asatonline.org/research-treatment/making-sense-of-autism-treatments-weighing-the-evidence/smart-people-believe-weird-things/

Recommendations of expert panels & government task forces. Association for Science in Autism Treatment. Retrieved from https://www.asatonline.org/for-parents/learn-more-about-specific-treatments/applied-behavior-analysis-aba/aba-techniques/recommendations-of-expert-panels-government-task-forces/

What is ABA?

You probably know that applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a scientific, evidence-based “Best Practice” treatment for autism spectrum disorders, recommended by the US Surgeon General, The American Psychological Association, and many others.

When using behavior analysis, therapists work together with clients to improve specific behaviors (social skills, academics, communication, fine motor skills, self-care skills, chores, job completion, timeliness…) while reducing any problem behaviors. The principles of behavior science have repeatedly been proven to be effective for children and adults of various abilities and disabilities, and can be used in a variety of settings (schools, workplaces, homes, clinics). Research has shown that consistent ABA therapy can significantly improve skills and behaviors and, for those with disabilities, can decrease the need for specialized instruction and services.

You can learn more of the basics about what ABA is on the Autism Speaks website.

ABA, though, is not only for treating autism.

ABA is “a scientific method, a technology, and a professional approach. It is a system designed to analyze and change behavior in a precisely measurable and accountable manner. ABA is an evidence-base method of examining and changing what people (and other living creatures) say and do” (Mayer, Sulzer-Azaroff, & Wallace, 2014).

ABA can go beyond autism…

beyond any disability label

and can be used to help reach goals.

In our day to day lives as humans, we all may have behaviors that we want to increase or decrease, or skills we would like to develop, at home, at work, personally, or with a family member in mind… the path to a solution may begin with ABA.

Everything a person does is behavior.